ANAHITA JOURNAL

Urdu language research in Pakistan on Shahnama from the perspective of approachology

Masoumeh — 2025-07-15

The perspective and approaches of non-Persian speakers toward Persian literary figures, especially Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, have always been fascinating for Persian speakers. Many researchers from the Indian subcontinent have written their works in Persian, but there are also numerous studies in Urdu that have remained unknown to Persian speakers. To understand which aspects of the Shahnameh have attracted Urdu speakers' attention and how they interpret it, this paper attempts to explain their approach and orientation in their Urdu-language research

It appears that Urdu speakers have viewed the Shahnameh from various angles and addressed diverse topics. Some works have pursued a specific approach with a clear objective, while some authors have adopted an integrated approach combining literary history, analytical interpretation, moral and educational approaches, and translation methods. They have often found the rhetoric of the Shahnameh remarkable and have rarely criticized it. It seems that the Urdu writings of renowned Ferdowsi scholars like Hafiz Mahmoud Shirani remain the primary source for Ferdowsi studies in this region even after many years, with others writing about Ferdowsi under the influence of Shirani's views. Meanwhile, recent Persian research appears to have been largely inaccessible to Urdu speakers

Classifying and analyzing these approaches in a selection of Urdu language research representing just a fraction of the whole provides a clearer picture of non-Persian speakers' enthusiasm for classical Persian literature

Rhetorical Question in Tetra Stich of Khayyam

yousaf hussain — 2025-07-15

One of the favorite literary and stylistic tools of Khayyam is inobservance. In many of his tetrastich, he frequently poses questions about very basic facts and rationales about life and world stretched around the poet. These questions ask about the reality of beginning, end and purpose of human life; free will of humans and its limits; and the probability of life hereafter. This short article is an attempt to discern Khayyam worldview, through all such questions posed by him in his poetry. It is concluded that main thrust of his thoughts proves him a core epicurean.

The Analysis of Religious-Mystical Themes in “Wis & Ramin” (A RomanticPoetry book) by Fakhruddin Asad Gorgani

Ali Ahmad Shirazi — 2025-07-15

The poetry book "Weiss and Ramin," authored by Fakhruddin Asad Gorgani
in the 5th century of Hijri, embodies romantic themes that trace back
to the pre-Islamic era. Despite its roots, being written during the
Islamic period, the poet deliberately and inadvertently infused
Islamic theory and knowledge into his compositions. Quranic allusions,
quotations, and particularly religious-mystical motifs resonate
significantly throughout the work. Fakhruddin Asad Gorgani
strategically incorporates religious and mystical elements, often
directly linked to Quranic verses, thereby imparting an Islamic
essence to his poetry. This theoretical study employs a
descriptive-analytical approach to explore the role of
religious-mystical themes in "Weiss and Ramin," extracting and
analyzing these motifs and their correlation with Quranic verses.

Analysis of the female characters in Urdu literature based on the novel "Khubsurat" by Bushra Rahman

Maria Ali — 2025-07-15

With the evolution of the novel in other nations of the world, Pakistani women novelists have also appeared on the literature scene. Bushra Rahman, one of the Pakistani writers, has drawn an honest picture of the common women of Pakistan in her stories. The purpose of writing the beautiful novel is to express the issues of women's lives. She wanted women to help each other in life, and the criteria of beauty and ugliness should not affect the life of any family member. Bushra Rahman has a great hold on characterization and narration, that's why the female characters of this novel are sensitive and dynamic. The women in Bushra Rahman's novels is more prominent than other characters. Their spirit has been taken into consideration, and their role in the society in the form of raising children, the attachment and dependence of men on them in different areas of life, such as motherhood, wifehood, and even as a lover, is important.

EVOLUTION AND INTRODUCTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT OF THE HISTORY OF PUNJAB BASED ON THE POLITICAL AND CULTURAL FAMILY IN THE SIKH ERA

Sana gilani — 2025-07-15

Research in the humanities, especially in the field of Persian history and literature, is very important because there are many Persian sources in Pakistan, the ancient Persian language remains in the libraries of Pakistan, and it is considered one of the most important literary treasures. Tawarikh Sikhan Punjab and Malwa » is one of the best sources in the field of political and social history. This version contains the history of Punjab and Malwa and the historical events of the Sikhs. In this effect, the history of different groups has been discussed, including them from Nanak Singh to the Peshwa Sikhs. Historically, most of the focus has been on political and systemic history. From this point of view, the book is very important. Malwah and Punjab are considered two real territories in the political history of Pakistan (currently) in the 19th century. The territory of these two regions depended on the political power of the families that ruled in these two regions. By rereading and correcting this manuscript, those interested in the history and culture of Pakistan can learn more about this valuable treasure.

Social reformers A reflection on the human messages of the mystics Of Iran and the subcontinent

Qasim Safi — 2025-07-15

It is evident from historical evidence that a considerable number of Iranian mystics have gradually and over many centuries gone to the subcontinent and other lands, and some of them for the first time propagated and taught Islamic teachings and promoted the language and culture of Iran. Along with the peace between the different strata of the societies, they have worked hard and the good methods and efforts of them and their artist friends with a capital of science, practice, technology, piety and high vision, caused the culture and civilization of those lands to be of high human value and the glory of Islam will be enjoyed and the foundation of their teachings will be expanded to such an extent that the culture of the regions will be beautifully and impressively transformed and take another title; Like the Kashmir region, where Mir Seyyed Ali Hosseini Hamedani, nicknamed Ali Sani, a mystic, scholar and great writer in the 8th century of Hijri, in a period of less than seven years, with a comprehensive and attractive method and extraordinary methods that increase the level of knowledge and scholarship And art, artistry and healthy living were used with empathy and like-mindedness among the people, it caused the spread of Iranian-Islamic mysticism and the promotion of the rich Persian language and culture, and that region became known as Small Iran. The magnificent monastery and mosque of Mir Seyyed known as Shah Hamedan, which he built in Srinegar, was the center of Iranian cultural education. He is still respected by the people, and his tomb is always a special and public place in the city of Kolab, which is a part of the newly independent country of Tajikistan, and his writing is more than 70 books and treatises.Now more than ever, the message and behavior of Mir Seyyed Ali Hamedani is needed and it is necessary that while cherishing the memory of those like him, their human message should be reread for today's generation with truth and political teachings. And social, cultural and artistic and their thoughts should be looked at with respect.

Considering the scope of the topic, for example, in the text of the article, the scientific and moral characteristics of some influential mystics such as Ali Hojveiri, Makhdoom Nouh Suhravardi, Zakaria Multani, Osman Marwandi, Mirysed Ali Hamedani, Shah Abdul Latif Behtai, Sheikh Hassan Kharaqani, Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi, Attar Nishaburi, Sachchal Sarmast and other than that we mention. People who, after the passing of centuries, can still be effective in improving the thinking and correcting the minds of today's people, and in the way of governance and civil planning, reconciliation and kindness in Islamic countries.

Introduction and Analysis of the Manuscript of Khulasat-al-Moarif by Sayyed Adam Binouri

Maryam Pervez — 2025-07-07

Manuscripts are considered the most valuable cultural and literary heritage of any nation. So, the restoration of these cultural resources is of great importance. The manuscript of the Khulasat-al-Moarif by Sayyed Adam Binouri is one of the valuable assets. This article focuses on the introduction and analysis of the manuscript and contribution of the author as well. Furthermore, the central themes, linguistic values, intellectual ideology, and literary features have also been evaluated. After having gone through the manuscript in depth, we can conclude that Sayyed Adam Binouri has written a valueable detailed work on the mysticism/ sufism and teachings of the Naqshbandiya school of thought, during his three years stay Makkah (1035-1037 AH). The manuscript is written in the simple language. The author has used the poetic examples of several other poets, in addition to his own, the Quranic verses, sayings of the Holy Prophet, and Sufis belonging to Naqshbandiya and other Sufi school of thoughts. The prose of book indicates an approach to popular culture, religious, moral and religious values. The author has given special attention to his significant style while expressing his thoughtful ideas and he has given in depth details of his specific ideology.

Analysis of Poetic Appreciation (Manqbat) of Ameer Hassan Sajzi Dehlvi

Mazhar Abbas — 2025-07-15

Ameer Hassan Sijzi was a follower and companion of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (R.A). He was a contemporary of Ameer Khusru. After Ameer Khusru, he is considered the greatest Persian poet in the 7^th and 8^th Century Hijri. Hassan was born in Badayun but he was educated and brought up in Delhi. Hassan was very fond of Sufism and became a sincere disciple of Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya (R.A) through Ameer Khusru and soon became a Sufi. He is also called Saadi-e-Hindustan. In his poetry, he has presented the poetic appreciation (Manqbat) of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), his family, companions and saints, which is reviewed in this article.